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In this book the author investigates the impact of demographic change on economic growth. As a result of the current financial crisis, a new view on economics has been demanded by various scientists. The author provides such a new view on economic growth, using a methodology of system dynamics. By applying this method, the author focuses on characteristics of complex systems and analyzes aging and shrinking processes, and not only positive growth. Delays and feedback processes are also considered. This leads to deeper and revealing insights into economic behavior. In doing so, a new semi-endogenous growth model is developed by introducing a specific and detailed population sector (demographic growth model). The book shows and analyzes the behavior of such a model and tests several policy scenarios in a transfer chapter to apply the new theoretical approach on real world problems. The major results are summarized in 15 principles of demographic growth.

Economic development -- Mathematical models. --- Economic development. --- Population -- Economic aspects -- Mathematical models. --- Population -- Economic aspects. --- Population --- Economic development --- Business & Economics --- Demography --- Economic aspects --- Mathematical models --- Demography. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Historical demography --- Computer simulation. --- Population. --- Economic growth. --- Economics. --- Population Economics. --- Economic Growth. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Social sciences --- Vital statistics --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Malthusianism --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Population and Demography. --- Computer Modelling. --- Economic aspects.

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This book is the first to take a comprehensive view of the challenges that population ageing present in the near future taking Sweden as the case. Can the increasing number of retirees per worker be stopped by immigration or increasing fertility or will we need to increase pension age instead? Cost for the social-care system is readily increasing; even more is the costs for health care. Can the galloping costs be funded by an increase in taxes or do we need to make reforms, similar to the ones already made in the pension system, which has been used as a model for many other countries. The fact that it is difficult to make health care dependent on personal contributions, as is the case of the pension system, funding of health care is a true test of solidarity across generations. The book ends with a discussion on whether the demographic challenge to the welfare system is also a threat to the welfare state as such.

Age distribution (Demography). --- Economic development. --- Gerontology. --- Older people. --- Population aging. --- Social conditions. --- Age distribution (Demography) --- Population aging --- Demography --- Business & Economics --- Aging of population --- Aging population --- Aging society --- Demographic aging --- Graying (Demography) --- Greying (Demography) --- Public finance. --- Economic policy. --- Social policy. --- Population. --- Aging. --- Demography. --- Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- Population Economics. --- Public Economics. --- Social Policy. --- Aging --- Research. --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Gerontology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Malthusianism --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Physiological effect --- Public finances

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Juvenile Delinquency in Europe and Beyond: Results of the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study presents the status of juvenile crime and delinquency and its backgrounds in many of the European Union member states as well as in the United States, Canada, Venezuela and Surinam. The book includes information on key issues in juvenile delinquency such as victimization of young people, alcohol and drug use and its relation to juvenile crime, involvement in youth gangs, immigration, family and school and neighborhood situations. It provides insight into different views on what can be considered juvenile crime; what acts are subsumed in its definition and when we can speak about structural delinquent behavior. These insights are based on self-reported information systematically and simultaneously collected from about 70,000 12-15 year old youths in 28 countries. Until recently, the self-report methodology has not been applied on such a large scale in an international context. The results of this survey provide new and unexpected data about those young people who structurally commit criminal acts, as well as on the frequency of the behavior and the conditions that have an impact on offending. The wealth of descriptions and insights in delinquency of all these countries will be of great interest to scholars, students and practitioners because of the special character of the publication; it is a book of reference to everyone interested in the backgrounds of juvenile delinquency. .

Criminology. --- Demography. --- Juvenile delinquency -- Cross-cultural studies. --- Juvenile delinquency -- Europe. --- Juvenile delinquency -- Research. --- Social sciences. --- Juvenile delinquency --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Research --- Delinquency, Juvenile --- Juvenile crime --- Cultural studies. --- Criminology and Criminal Justice. --- Criminology and Criminal Justice, general. --- Cultural Studies. --- Conduct disorders in children --- Crime --- Juvenile corrections --- Reformatories --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- Historical demography --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Study and teaching --- Culture --- Population. --- Population and Demography. --- Study and teaching. --- Cultural studies --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Demography --- Malthusianism

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Does human mortality after age 110 continue to rise, level off, or start to decline? This book describes a concerted, international research effort undertaken with the goal of establishing a database that allows the best possible description of the mortality trajectory beyond the age of 110. The International Database on Longevity (IDL) is the result of this ongoing effort. The IDL contains exhaustive information on validated cases of supercentenarians (people 110 years and older) and allows unbiased estimates of mortality after age 110. The main finding is remarkable: human mortality after age 110 is flat at a probability of death of 50% per year. The sixteen chapters of this book discuss age validation of exceptional longevity, data on supercentenarians in a series of countries, structure and contents of the IDL, and statistical analysis of human mortality after age 110. Several chapters include short accounts of specific supercentenarians that add life to demographic research.

Centenarians. --- Internationaler Vergleich. --- Longevity. --- Mortality -- Forecasting. --- Mortality -- Statistical methods. --- Mortality --- Centenarians --- Longevity --- Business & Economics --- Demography --- Forecasting --- Statistical methods --- Life, Long --- Life extension --- Life span prolongation --- Long life --- Prolongation of life span --- Social sciences. --- Statistics. --- Population. --- Aging. --- Demography. --- Human geography. --- Social Sciences. --- Population Economics. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Human Geography. --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Gerontology --- Age factors in disease --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Sociology --- Malthusianism --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Physiological effect --- Health --- Life spans (Biology) --- Old age --- Older people --- Aging --- Research. --- Statistics .

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Inequality is one of the major problems of the contemporary world. Significant geographical disparities exist within nations of the developed world, as well as between these countries and those referred to as the ‘South’ in the Bruntland Report. Issues of equity and deprivation must be addressed in view of sustainable development. However, before policymakers can remove the obstacles to a fairer world, it is essential to understand the nature of inequality, both in terms of its spatial and socio-demographic characteristics. This second volume in the series contains population studies that examine the disparities evident across geographical space in the UK and between different individuals or groups. Topics include demographic and social change, deprivation, happiness, cultural consumption, ethnicity, gender, employment, health, religion, education and social values. These topics and the relationships between them are explored using secondary data from censuses, surveys or administrative records. In volume 1 the findings of research on fertility, living arrangements, care and mobility are examined. Volume 3 will focus on ethnicity and integration.

City planning -- Great Britain. --- Population forecasting -- Great Britain. --- Regional planning -- Great Britain. --- Business & Economics --- Demography --- Population. --- Equality. --- Income distribution. --- Population --- Equality --- Income distribution --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Social sciences. --- Public health. --- Medical research. --- Quality of life. --- Demography. --- Social Sciences. --- Public Health. --- Population Economics. --- Quality of Life Research. --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Malthusianism --- Vital statistics --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Political science --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Quality of Life --- Research. --- Life, Quality of --- Economic history --- Life --- Social history --- Basic needs --- Human comfort --- Social accounting --- Work-life balance --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Population and Demography. --- Economic aspects.